Smoke-preventing furnace.



N0. 704,325. Patented July 8, I902.

' H. F. HAYDEN.

SMUKE PREVENTING FURNACE.

(Applicat zion filed Dec. 14, 1900. Renewed Apr. 18, 1902A 3Sheets-Sheet I.

(No Model.)

Patented July 8, 1902.

H. FJHAYD-EN. SMOKE PREVENTING FURNACE. (Application fiiea Dec 14, 1900RenewPd Apr 19,

3 Sheets Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

No. 704,325. Patented July 8, I902.

H. F. HAYDEN. Y

SMOKE PREVENTING FURNACE.

(Application filed Dec. 14, 1900. Renewed Apr. 19, 1902.)

(No Model.) 3 Sheeis-Sheet 3.

a/w weafiea g m UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY F. HAYDEN, OF 'WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, ASSIGNOR OFONE-THIRD TO JAMES HENRY JENNINGS, OF TVASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

SMOKE-PREVENTING FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 704,325, dated July 8,1902.

Application filed December 14,1900. Renewed April19.1902-SerialN0.103,'761. (No model.)

To aZZ Hill/077D it may concern: rated by air-tubes, forming part of theair- Beitknown thatLHENRYF. HAYDEN,aciti feeding apparatus, all as willhereinafter be zen of the United States, residing at \Vashmore fully setforth, and particularly pointed ington, in the District of Columbia,have inout in the claims. 5 vented certain new and useful ImprovementsIn the accompanying drawings, which form in Smoke-PreventingFurnaces;and I do herepart of this specification, and whereon correbydeclare thefollowing to beafull, clear, and sponding letters indicate like parts inthe exact description of the invention, such as several views, Figure 1represents a furnace will enable others skilled in the art to which infront elevation embodying certain features 10 it appertains to make anduse the same. of my invention relating to means for feed Myinventionrelates toboiler-furnaces such ing fuel to the furnace. Fig. 2 is alongituas employed in generating steam for driving dinal central sectionthrough the furnacewith stationary or portable engines and for other itsrear chamber only partly shown. Fig. 3 purposes. is a horizontal sectionbelow the boiler on the 15 More particularly stated the invention reline3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a transverse versides in certain peculiaritiesof construction tical section taken on the line 4 4 of Fig. 2, and novelarrangement of parts whereby a and Fig. 5 is an end view of thecoking-plate. maximum amount of heat is produced with a Reference beinghad to the drawings and minimum expenditure of fuel, be it anthralettersthereon, A indicates a boiler of any 20 cite or bituminous coal,petroleum, or other form or construction, same being shownherecombustible materials. in merely for the purpose of illustrating itsThe chief objects of my invention are thererelative position. fore tosecure in furnaces a most thorough B indicates the fire-chamber; C, therear and complete combustion of all gases, to prechamber; D, thebridge-wall; E, the ash-pit,

25 vent the formation of smoke or, as commonly and F G G the front andside walls, respecexpressed, to consume it, and also to intively, of thefurnace. crease the general efficiency or steam-produc The metallicfurnace-front H, which faces ing qualities of boilers heated by furnacesemfront wall F, is provided With the usual furbodying my invention. Inthe practical acnace and ash-pit doors I J, respectively ar- 3complishment of these several objects the ranged in pairs, and abovethese is attached leading features of construction may be said acoal-feeding hopper K, which, in conj unc- So to embrace means forfeeding fuel to furtion with a coking-oven L, constitutes an im nacesafter having first partially coked same, portant feature of thisinvention. Hopper meansfor supplying air in predetermined and K is bypreference formed of boiler-iron in 35 suitable proportions to commingleand burn two compartments a a, separated by a verti- With thefurnace-gases, as also for beating cal partition Z) and bolted toboiler-front H down or retarding in fire-chambers the travthroughflanges c in register with mouth (Z of elingunconsumed products ofcombustion unthe oven L aforesaid. This hopper K, adjatil same have beenentirely consumed. cent to its point of attachment, is provided 40Additional features of my invention which with vertically-movable doorsM M, guardcontribute to the successful results obtained ing the outletfrom each compartment a and and constitute elements in the organizedarsliding in guideways e, riveted to the hopper, rangement of parts,hereinafter more fully each of said dampers being counterbalanceddescribed, are a damper located between the by weights N at the outerends of interposed 4; bridge-wall of furnaces and the boiler, beinglevers O 0. (Shown by Fig. 1.) The top of there pivotally mounted in theside Walls, a hopper K is covered by a hinged lid P, while 5 damper-rodfor manipulating such damper the angular bottom is provided with a pairfrom in front of the furnace, and a feed-water of hinged stoke-holedoors f f for purposes heater located in the bridge-wall and perfothatwill later appear. Passing through the month d of oven L is arectangular cokingplate Q, which projects into the fire-chamber B,overhangs the grate-bars g, is corrugated or ribbed on its undersurface, as at h, and

is supported upon an arch R, of fire-brick,

above the furnace-doors I I, as shown. At its outer edge said plate andthe corrugations or channels it thereunder are fitted with a slidingperforated register-plate t' for the purpose of controlling admission ofair to and through said channels. Above oven L and supported in thefront wall F, which it overhangs on the inside, is a rectangular airchamber S, preferably of cast metal, having a perforated bottom j,communicating at its ends with air-ducts T, located in the side walls GG of the furnace and terminating at 70 k in the ash-pit E, said hopper,coking-oven, and air-ducts, all for purposes which will be hereinafterset forth in a statement of operation.

Opening into the bridge-wall D from ashpit E are converging hot-airpassages U,which extending upward in a vertical direction communicatewith individual flattened diverging ports V, adapted to discharge heatedair into fire-chamber B for reversing the natural draft of the furnaceand retarding the traveling products of combustion in said chamber untilthey are thoroughly consumed. Running longitudinally through one side ofthe ash-pitE is a valved steam-pipe Zin communication with boiler A orother source of steam-supply. This pipe Z, passing through one passage1*, communicates with a transverse delivery-pipe m, the latter beingfitted with a series of in jector-nozzles It in register with ports Vforthe purpose of compelling at times a flow of hot air through said portsby injecting therethrough highly-heated steam under pressure.

Near the upper edge in bridge-wall D is embedded a cylindricalfeed-water heater W, fitted with a valved water-supply pipe 0, and atits opposite end with a valved dischargepipe or blow-out p for cleansingthe heater of sediment that may accumulate therein. Extending upwardfrom heater W are pipes q g, each provided with a valve 7', operatedthrough suitable hand-holes sin side Walls G for the purpose ofsupplying hot water from the feed-water heater IN to boiler A asocoasion demands. Passing directly through heater WV is a horizontalseries of short tubes 2f in alinement with the nozzles n and ports Vaforesaid, through which hot air from the ash-pit and passages U isdriven the more effectually to heat the feed-water before itsintroduction into the boiler.

Immediately back of bridge-Wall D is pivotally mounted in side walls G Ga damper X in controllable communication with the front of the furnaceby agency of a short crank it and a damper-rod o. This rod Q}, at itsfront end, is provided with suitably-spaced notches (not shown) forengaging a latch 20, projecting from the side of the furnace as onemeans of graduating to a certainty the relative positions of damper X,which when not in use rests in a depressed position upon the foundationof rear combustion chamber 0, as shown by Fig. 3, entirely out of theline of draft and the direct heat of the furnace. When, however, damperX is in its most ele vated position, it serves to practically close thespace between bridge-wall D and boiler A, thus temporarily obstructingthe line of draft and positively preventing the escape of smoke orunconsumed products. This most elevated position of damper X, however,is only resorted to when found necessary to fire directly through thefurnace-doors or for other reasons the doors I I are opened, which israrely the case. At such times, however, the superabundant supply ofoxygen invariably results in an oversupply of gases, which areordinarily forced up the furnace-stack and wasted; but in the presentinstance these are arrested in fire-chamber B and consumed after thedoors I are closed.

Having thus described the preferred construction and organizedarrangement of parts which constitute my invention, I will now proceedto describe in a general way its use and operation. At the outstart itwill be understood that boiler-furnaces of this type are usuallydesigned for the consumption of bituminous coal, and in the selection ofmaterials from which my furnaces are built I by no means limit myself tothose herein speci- IQO fied. Neither am I confined to the preciselocation and arrangement of the novel features of invention herein shownand described, being governed in such particulars by surroundingconditions, and especially so when my improvements are placed in old orpreviously-existing furnaces.

Presuming the furnace to have been duly fired and that it becomesnecessary to add fuel, lid P is temporarily raised and coal no throwninto compartments a a of hopper K, whereupon doors M M are elevatedsuccessively, the charges of coal being delivered into oven L by meansof a suitable stoking implement. (Not shown.) Such implement ismanipulated through the comparatively small hopper-doorsff, thusavoiding undue inrush of cold air and the necessity of opening the mainfurnace-doors I with the consequent disastrous results. Plate Q,extending I20 into fire-chamber B, is moderately heated by thefurnace-fire below, so that all fuel resting thereon is partially cokedbefore its in troduction to the grates. From the heated boiler-front H alimited supply of air is admitted to oven L through the slight openingto be seen at a;, Fig. 2, and at same time another supply is similarlyconducted thereto from ash-pit E by Way of side passages T T andair-chamber S, the degree of heated air :30 thus admitted to chamber Sbeing regulated by the relative position of the ash-pit doors J J andspecial demands made upon the heating system. Under these conditions thefuel is allowed to remain in oven L until thoroughly heated, the lightergases being thus expelled and commingled with the heated air as itenters the coking-oven by way of opening a: and the numerousperforations j in chamber S. As the enriched gases emerge from thecoking-oven they are met by currents of air from channels 7L in theunder surface of plate Q, which supply more or less oxygen according torequirements, and being met by incandescent particles rising from thefurnace-fire are ignited and immediately converted into flame on theline of draft through the furnace. Fuel is thus repeatedly transferredfrom oven L to the fire-chamber B by the alternate processes of feeding,coking, and firing according to requirements of the system, ashereinbefore set forth. If necessary to bank the fire, a charge of coalis left upon the coking-plate Q,and as a consequence when again the fireis spread the furnace is readily charged with fuel in a highly-heatedstate, which contains no smoke-producing gases or moisture. When, as israrely the case, furnace-doors I are opened or by any means there is asuperabundant inrush of oxygenized air to the fire-chamber B, there thedraft, and consequently waste unconsumed products of combustion, may bearrested in whole or in part by manipulation of damper X. Obviously thisdamper may be momentarily raised to the position indicated by Fig. 2 atany time a furnace door or doors I are opened with the result of holdingin the fire-chamber all smoke gases which invariably form under suchconditions until the door is again closed and the gases consumed. Attimes of excessive firing more particularly the draft reversingapparatus located in bridge-wall D is called into requisition.Superheated steam from nozzles n is injected into and through each tubet, intersecting the feed-water heater N. This produces a blast ofhighly-heated air from ash-pit E, through said tubes at and theirrespective flattened converging ports V, in an unbroken sheet above theburning fuel and toward the furnace-doors. Thus the combustible gases infire-chamber B are again met by a blast of heated air, which serves toarrest them in said chamber and with which they are thoroughly mixed,ignited, and burned. This passage of superheated steam and hot airthrough the transversely-arranged tubes tof heater "W assists materiallyin heating the feed-water contained therein and at same time renderspossible the most advantageous location of both heater \V and ports V inthe bridge-wall D of the furnace. Further than this the operation ofheater N is well understood and requires no description.

Having thus described my invention in its preferred embodiment, whatIclaim, and de sire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

tion of smoke the combination with a firechamber, of a coking-ovenlocated in the front wall thereof comprising an inwardly-projectingcoking-plate, a series of air-channels beneath said plate, a registerfor closing said channels, a superimposed perforated airchamber, andsuitable passages for conducting to said chamber an airsupply, substan*tially as described.

3. In a furnace for preventing the forma-- tion of smoke the combinationwith a firechamber and ash-pit, of a coking-oven located in the frontwall thereof comprising a cokingplate, a superimposed perforatedair-chamher, and suitable passages communicating with said chamber atits ends for conducting thereto an air-supply directly from the ashpitof the furnace, substantially as described.

4. In a furnace for preventing the forma tion of smoke the combinationwith a cokingoven, of a hopper for feeding said oven, a partitiondividing said hopper into co mpartments, and a sliding door set at anangle to the furnace-front for controlling the discharge of eachcompartment, substantially as described.

5. In a furnace for preventing the formation of smoke the combinationwith a cokingoven, of a hopper for feeding said oven, a partitiondividing said hopper into compartments, a sliding door set at an angleto the furnace-front for controlling the discharge of each compartment,a lid for the top of said hopper, and stoke-hole doors in its bottom,substantially as described.

6. In a furnace for preventing the formation of smoke the combinationwith a firechamber, ash-pit and bridge-Wall, of an airduct entering saidbridge-wall from the ashpit and terminating in a plurality of divergingflattened ports for introducing heated air into the fire-chamber abovethe fire to reverse the natural draft thereof, substantially asdescribed.

'7. In a furnace for preventing the formation of smoke the combinationwith a firechamber, ash-pit and bridge-wall, of an airduct entering saidbridge-wall from the ashpit, a plurality of diverging portscommunicating with said duct and directed into the fire-chamber, and aseries of injector-nozzles for forcing a draft of air through said ductand ports, substantially as described.

8. In a furnace for preventing the formation of smoke the combinationwith a firechamber, ash-pit and bridge-Wall, of a feedwater heater insaid bridge-wall fitted with a IIO series of transverse tubes, anair-duct enter- In testimony whereof I subscribe my siging thebridge-wall from the ash-pit, a plunature in presence of two witnesses.rality of diverging ports communicating with said duct through the tubesaforesaid in the HENRY HAYDEN- 5 feed-water heater, and suitableinjector-noz- WVitnesses:

zies for forcing air through said duct, tubes ALEXANDER S. STEUAR'r,

and ports, substantially as described. WM. E. DYRE.

